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「パリパリ」「バリバリ」「サクサク」の違いは？サクサク：大量の粒状のものが踏まれたり混ぜ合わされたりする連続音。野菜や布などを大まかに粗く切る音。粗く大ざっぱに織ったり編んだりするさま。
バリバリ：薄くて固いものが砕けたり、裂けたり、はがれたりする連続音。布などの糊づけが強かったり、凍ったりしてこわばっているさま。
パリパリ：歯切れよくものをかむ音。（衣服などが）まあたらしいさま。
以上、広辞苑から。
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Can you tell us something about your technique? Is it a matter of plugging at a problem?No, I’m usually working on quite a number of different things at the same time, and I guess that during most of my adult life I’ve been spending quite a lot of time reading in areas where I’m not working at all. I seem to be able, without too much trouble, to work pretty intensively at my own scientific work at scattered intervals. Most of the reasonably defined problems have grown out of something accomplished at in an early stage.
How does a new problem arise for you?
… While I’m reading about politics or anything else, some examples come to my mind that relate to the problems that I’ve been working on in linguistics, and I go and work on my problems in the latter area. Everything is going on at once in my mind, and I’m unaware of anything except the sudden appearance of possibly interesting ideas at some odd moment or the emergence of something that is relevant.
Would it be fair to say, then, that you have the problems you’re working on in the back of your mind all the time?
All the time, yes, I dream about them. But I wouldn’t call dreaming very different from really working.
Do you literally mean dreaming?
Yes, I mean it literally. Examples and problems are sort of floating through my mind very often at night. Sometimes, when I am sleeping fitfully, the problems that I’ve working on are often passing through my mind.
Do they pass through your mind in a dream in the same form in which you were working on them?
Well, as far as I know, in exactly the same form. The dream life doesn’t seem to have a different framework or to involve a different approach. So it’s just a sort of slightly less concentrated and conscious version of the same thing as during the day.
How did you ever become interested in linguistics as a scientific field?
… [When] I got to college, I was much more interested in radical politics than anything else. I became involved with Zellig Harris in connection with left-wing Zionism (more accurately, radical alternatives to Zionism). He was the professor of linguistics at the University of Pennsylvania, and I had a lot of personal contact with him. I was really a kind of college dropout, having no interest in college at all because my interest in a particular subject was generally killed as soon as I took a course in it. And that includes psychology, incidentally.
I went to college with great enthusiasm, and I was interested in everything. But as soon as I took a course in some subject, that took care of that area. By the time I was a junior, I was perfectly willing to quit college and go to a kibbutz of something of that sort. Then I ran into Harris. He was the first person I’d met in college who was in any sense intellectually challenging, and we became very good friends afterward…
What do you mean that you were getting somewhere?
I was able to explain about things about the language. For example, if you look at English, there are some funny curiosities. Take the formation of questions. When you form a question from “John will come tomorrow,” the corresponding question is, “Will John come tomorrow?” On the other hand, when you form a question from “John reads a book” it is “Does John read a book?”, not “Reads John a book.” On the other hand, you say, “Is John here?” not “Does John be here?” which would look like the analogue of “Does John read the book?” Now you can look at this as some crazy fact, but I was able to show that if you formulate certain fairly general principles, generative principles of language, then it had to be that way and exactly that way. In many areas it has been possible to show that we just know intuitively, as speakers of the language, the curious forms that sentences have because of some very general principles we have internalized and use quite unconsciously… (pp. 89-97, “The Creative Experience (winter 1969),” “Language and Politics”)
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公明党代表、無投票再選へ。この党でかつて代表選挙が実施されたことあるのかな？
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